打臀肉红肿左右开弓
陆又梦 96428万字 39115人读过 连载
又是一年枫叶红 每年的秋季又来到了，秋季的色彩灿烂缤纷，美丽的季节，正是出游赏景时。本溪的桓仁县大地溪森林公园和宽甸天华山看枫叶的情景还是历历在目。很幸运此时来到这里一饱眼福。 十一前后分别去了宽甸天华山和本溪大地溪森林公园枫叶之旅，下面的照片向您展示~~~~ 天华山位于辽宁省丹东市的宽甸满族自治县灌水镇北部，为长白山余脉，海拔1100多米，距离抚顺市3个小时车程。这里的奇峰、怪石、洞峡、幽涧、瀑布、溪水的自然之美相映生辉，它的奇妙、清幽、雄险和润秀的自然景观资源，被专家们誉为“旷世佳境，万景奇山”。在金秋畅游天华山，从峡谷向上盘行，涌入眼帘的是那层层叠叠的枫林，红、黄、绿、橙、紫相间，五彩缤纷，绚丽耀眼。在阳光的照射下，变幻着五彩斑斓的彩色图案。红的妖艳，黄的明丽，绿的柔和，橙的热烈，紫的端庄，真可谓“淡妆浓抹总相宜”，一路秋色，令人陶醉~~~] 下目的地是比较原生态的大地森林公园。大概是因为知道这里的人不多，这里开发的也不是很完善~~~ ([]
最新章节： 第521章 从前有座灵剑山 （ 2024-05-31 20:54:04）
更新时间： 2024-05-31 23:38:27
- 第1章 剑来
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- 第6章 让我好好看看你
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- 第10章 开讲啦
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- 第17章 妻子的浪漫旅行
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- 第553章 伊朗决意报复美国
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五月花
林镇茂我之萌生去尼泊尔的想法，源于2010年的走阿里环线的路上。回来后就开始埋头查找资料、做攻略、约伴、订出行计划……。找了N个理由，说服自己把尼泊尔列入了优先考虑的长线旅游目的地。到2011年9月2日拟定中的出发日期来临，却没能如愿拿到车票，晕！于是当机立断，比照之前不多、天使预定的5号飞拉萨机票的大体时间，我们也订下了三张9月5日经重庆中转飞拉萨的机票，打算从陆路进入尼泊尔。尘埃落定，尼泊尔：我终于可以成行了！我们的行程D1.长沙（飞机）---重庆---拉萨D2-- D3. 拉萨（尼泊尔驻拉萨领事馆申请证）D4.拉萨（包车）---樟木D5.樟木（包车）---加德满都D6.加德满都（大巴）---博卡拉D7.博卡拉（包车）-- Nayapool（徒步）---UllereD8.Ullere（徒步）---GhorepantD9.Ghorepant（徒步）---Poonhill--- Ghorepant---GhandrukD10. Ghandruk（徒步）--- Nayapool（大巴）---博卡拉D11. 博卡拉停留D12. 博卡拉（小飞机）---加德满都D13—D16. 加都停留（包括加都谷地三古都：加德满都、帕坦、巴德岗）D17. 加德满都（包车）---樟木（包车）---拉萨D18—D20. 拉萨停留D21—D23. 拉萨（火车）---长沙 一、长驱直入尼泊尔 芳姐的临时加入，使得最后由不多、天使、芳姐、康贝莎、葬沙和笔者等六人组成的小分队分别于5号和7号搭乘三个不同的航班先后抵达拉萨。有幸得到在拉萨工作的湖南老乡小周等人的热情接待，让我们有了平生第一次身披洁白哈达的殊荣，安排的住宿地又恰巧就在罗布林卡附近，离尼泊尔驻拉萨领事馆步行仅5分钟的距离，为我们提供了极大的便利。 尼泊尔的证相对比较容易和简单,这一点最是可爱：不用预约，头天上午填好表，一并交上护照及相应的费用（15天行程175元，30天行程280元），第二天下午一般就可以顺利拿到证。于是乎，我们6号上午排一次长长的队交上了护照，7号下午又排一次长长的队取回了护照。 尽管领事馆要求交证取证都必须本人亲历亲为，但因为芳姐要7号下午才能到达，为了不影响既定的行程，我们按在领事馆前排队时道听途说得来的方法，稍微灵活运作了一下，这样六个人的护照同一天都好了，看来有一句话确实是放之四海而皆准的：所有的外国人长得都是一个样！ 接下来就是找车。领事馆门前聚集着三三两两揽客去樟木的掮客，我们在排队等待取证的时候本已以300元一人初步定了个车，但当我们取证后再电话联系准备敲定出发时间的时候，居然被放了鸽子。呵呵，还来得及重新找车。这次以400元一人定下了一台车，然而到了晚上，又被要求加价到450元一人。退而让之，只得应允，一切固然当以明天能再出发为大局！ 9月8日早七点，藏族司机边巴的华晨金杯商务车带上我们六个人及六个大包还有若干小包离开拉萨，前往国道318的终端樟木。还是这熟悉的道路，路况比较去年又好了不少，不过因为限速，我们的车开得并不快，经过14小时近800公里的奔波，晚上9;15分我们到达樟木。利用吃饭的当口，每人按自己的需要，以112.73的汇率换了至少3000人民币的尼泊尔卢比，至此，看来一切都准备妥当了。 晚上不知什么时候下起了大雨，溪流无休止的哗哗声夹着雨滴或急或缓的淅沥声构成了美妙的和弦音。待至天明雨已消停，但见被参天古木包围着的樟木小镇让轻薄的白云随意缭绕，潮湿的空气中飘忽着不知名植物淡淡的清香，沁人心脾。一切都如此和谐，但很快，窄小街道的宁静开始被早起游客的脚步声快门声还有惊叹声打破…… 早九点，约好的小巴以每人10元的价格拉我们下到了山下的口岸，等候过境的游客已在自觉排队，妙的是在出境大厅待检的过程中，我们就被尼方揽客去加都的掮客盯上，也好，省得过境后再临时去找车，很快我们按6个人共4000卢比谈妥了价格。好在出境的国人手续相对简单，不用填表但验证却是非常严格的，开包检查那是必须的！经过友谊桥进入尼方口岸，在闹哄哄的矮小入境办公房内又是一番折腾，然而应该说是非常顺利的，并没遭受传说中的尼方海关人员的刁难和勒索，于是在北京时间1130分，我们一行登上了印度产的TATA小面包车，开始了13天尼泊尔的奇妙旅程。 因为证,首先得在拉萨停留两天,近在咫尺的罗布林卡广场美景当然不会错过又一次行走在熟悉的国道318上,看看这云像什么?丰收的景色路边的格桑花开得真旺站在5248米海拔的嘉措拉山口,已经可以清晰地看到喜马拉雅的群峰2 g" 一路的艰辛顷刻化为过眼烟云先给自己秀一把一处废墟在阳光下展示它历经沧桑的落寞的美!& 藏羚羊在它们世世代代的家园自由自在地生活半山腰上的樟木小镇一早下到口岸,排队等待过境期待的兴奋挂在脸上顺利进入尼境，和一名尼方海关官员同挤在去加德满都的TATA车副驾驶座上很快,他们成了我们的第一批尼泊尔朋友！这拉风的镜头在国内可难得一见 二、穿越安娜普尔娜的苦与乐 尼泊尔有上百条行山路线，而Annapurna Base Camp 安娜普尔娜大本营（简称ABC）是尼泊尔最时尚的行山线路。这种百分百成熟的徒步线路根本无需攻略和向导，主干线上想要故意迷路也是很困难的。山上遍布旅馆和各类服务设施，甚至还有温泉池，非常舒适安全，还颇有些小资情调。根据所做的功课,为此，我的计划是选择8天徒步安娜普尔娜大环线。 然而到达博卡拉后，不多和天使立马被那里的湖光山色迷住，于是选择了在博卡拉发呆，剩下的四个人多倾向于4天的安娜普尔娜小环线，加上来自北京的老岳和小卢，徒步行山还是六个人。办理登山证环保证、请背夫、包车，所有事务都委托给了燕巢旅舍的女老板燕子，多花了点银子而省了东跑西颠的劳顿和大把的时间。 根据燕子的建议，我们四天的徒步行山安排是： D1.从博卡拉包车至徒步起点Nayapool后,按顺时针方向，上升近千米，徒步到Ullere（海拔1960米）； D2.从Ullere徒步至Ghorepant（海拔2860米）; D3。从Ghorapant徒步至Poonhill（海拔3210米）,然后返回Ghorapant，再下到Ghandruk（海拔1940米）; D4.从Ghandyuk徒步至起点Nayapool再乘车返回博卡拉。1.徒步第一天 显而易见，第一天和第三天的路途较远任务将比较艰巨。登山证环保证到手已经是加都时间上午11;00，出发! 从博卡拉到徒步起点Nayapool约一小时车程。进山之后，在接下来的几天里，我们将处于一个没有任何机动车、完全原生态和相对开放的世界。 在经过了几个小村庄后，从缓坡、泥石流滑坡路段，到较陡的山坡、以及据称有3000级台阶的山岗，随着体能的逐步消耗，徒步的强度也越来越大。背负的相机包虽然只有10几斤，却感觉拉着我直往后坠。当太阳西下的时候，我们离营地仍有需步步登高的约两小时距离！ 晚归的小鸟在树上叽叽喳喳，和着草丛中的虫鸣为我们鼓劲加油，无奈大腿以下一阵疼痛一阵麻木，大有不听指挥无法支撑自己的驱体之势，只得一次次停下来休息，想方设法补充能量，咬紧牙关挪步前行。 就在此时，安娜普尔娜山区最大最圆最美最亮的一轮明月如同小太阳般从身后的山脊上跳了出来，亮晃晃地刺人眼球，月光像水银一样洒在树上，洒在地上，洒在我们身上，照亮了我们前行的石阶山路。呵呵，今天是中国的农历八月十四，明天就是中秋节了呢！ “燕子答应给我们一个杭州月饼大家分了吃的，可惜走的时候都忘了。”不知谁说了一句。 “明天我们买一只真正的走地鸡自己做了吃吧！”马上有人提议。 或许是明天那只不知还在何方的美味走地鸡刺激我的味觉神经的同时，也给我提前带来了能量，我们互相提醒催促，加快步伐，在体能透支，几近虚脱之时，晚830分，我们到达了Ullere。和中国西藏、印度、不丹一样，尼泊尔也是一个生殖崇拜的国家。幸福的一家兄和弟如果你懂尼泊尔语,加入这聊天的行列一定很有趣看来山里人的头\颈部都是相当有耐力的丰收的另一景象徒步第一天的暑热难耐!([]
蓓蕾渐渐膨胀变硬
黄俊铭写在前面：这两天在看顾城的《走了一万一千里路》，其中和书名同名的这首诗带给俺不少触动，确实为什么我会喜欢上这路上的感觉，除了登山，在一个具有深厚历史底蕴的城市的游走，都成为我“在路上”的组成。有时就觉得：或许我就是诗中的这男孩，只为了一种信仰的追寻。只是俺还没走完了这一万一千里路，又或许只是走了其中之一小段，不过恰逢8264的帖子刚过了11000帖O(∩_∩)O哈！然而走一万一千里路，也就此成为俺心中的一份追逐。 《走了一万一千里路》 走了一万一千里路 男孩走进峡谷 他看见了炮兵连长的汽车。 他说： “借给我车吧 我要去赶救主基督” 连长说：“不，我不糊涂 我是连长，要回连部”.很短的一首诗，却意味深长。也正因为此，原想用这诗名做俺帖子的名字，可后来想想，还是用了现在这名字O(∩_∩)O哈哈~以免被疑为党，同时我这又不是藏地之旅，俺也木有去过；因为，可能在很多人看来，只有到了西藏登山，才算是一种真正的身心灵之旅。除此，不外乎是一种旅游罢了。可是于我来说，我喜欢登山，它确是一种心灵与自然的对话，而城市的游走包含了更深层次的人文意义，两者都在我心产生共鸣与撞击。曾经在上学时就期盼着那一天走一走中国的六大古都，这也是俺最初的户外梦想，后来它成了我登山之外的一个理想。如今，除了南京呆了一个月，真正行走个便，北京走了一部分，其余还处于未决。不过，有时真的感恩生活，虽然离我的理想还有好大距离，却也去了一些个不错的地方，人总是要知足感恩。而在走过的这些地方中，厦门绝对可以称为其中的翘楚，是一个可让你用心体会的地方。并且，俺是一个很怀旧的人，去一个地方，总要将这地的老街道给探寻出来。今年去凤凰参加8264的露营大会，顺带去了重庆，留下不少即将逝去的影像记录，感兴趣的朋友可至下面的帖子循迹O(∩_∩)O哈！https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1211835-1-1.html这次厦门之行曾经在本地论坛分为5帖发过，这次重新整理合为一贴，相信我的行程会给和我一样喜欢厦门即将出行的朋友们一个帮助，户外需要这样的分享，在分享中彼此交流，结交朋友。第一次在攻略版发帖，照相技术有点让俺汗颜，因不熟悉单反的操作，加之天气不好，可能ISO 被俺无意中手误调高，片片太亮，大海看上去白茫茫一片。看来俺滴摄影之路任重道远，不尽之处请大家海涵！不过却第一次体验了一把行摄之旅。俺不是一个很棒的写手，可能片片多过文字，但只要能给朋友们帮助，也不枉俺滴辛苦发帖了，俺自信这些片片都是出行厦门的经典，可以作为出行的图片攻略；喜欢这样率性的行走，瞎拍。O(∩_∩)O哈哈~另外插一句，此行所有景点可以说是连于一线，所以一张厦门旅游地图足以，对于城市旅游，地图是最好的帮手。在这三天中，走这么多地方，唯一的记录就是这些凝聚我情感的片片，片片我心情O(∩_∩)O哈！建议大家用4-5天时间。就用片片代替文字给大家传递厦门的驴行信息。不足之处，望见谅～时间：2011年12.7-12.11，12.7 10：45昆明飞厦门，12.11 20：30厦门回昆明。但是7-8号为培训（因为这次出行是借一次出差的机会），只有9-11为俺自由活动的时间，在这三天中，我走的地方堪称经典。由于行文需要，行程稍作合并，因很多地方是俺分两次去的。此贴片片上百张，可能更新较慢，但不会让大家失望滴。时间有限，尽量用镜头将看到的记录下来，大家权当记录片看好了O(∩_∩)O哈！在这三天中，俺滴帮手就是地图和公交车，大部分时间用脚走路，也不知走了多少O(∩_∩)O哈！此次的行程：一、骑行环岛路（世界最美马拉松赛道）。二、漫步厦门大学（中国最美大学），看黑天鹅。三、胡里山炮台（现存世最大的海岸炮）。四、鼓浪屿（海上空中花园）寻林语堂故居五、铁路文化公园（曾经的厦门铁路历史），金榜公园。六、厦门特色小吃（都是老字号）及中山路（厦门最有味道的老街），厦门第一码头，南普陀寺，12.10中山路看月全食。在厦门唯一留影，骑行环岛路路上让路人帮拍。其余时间都在用心行走，也就没留下身影了O(∩_∩)O哈哈~突然发现俺的《骑行环岛路》片片不知为啥顺序乱了，不知是啥原因，请斑竹们帮看下，我上片片时顺序都是对的，谢谢！请好友们见谅！片片太多，为尽快发帖，给大家一个最经典的厦门映像，上完片后，有的文字待补。以这首《长征》做俺户外梦想的注脚victory红军不怕远征难， 万水千山只等闲。五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。金沙水拍云崖暖，大渡桥横铁索寒。更喜岷山千里雪，三军过后尽开颜。 第一部：骑行环岛路环岛路是厦门国际马拉松比赛的主赛道，被誉为世界最美的马拉松赛道。全程31公里，路宽44～60米，为双向6车道，绿化带80～100米，是厦门市环海风景旅游干道之一。环岛路的建设一直奉行“临海见海，把最美的沙滩留给百姓”的宗旨，有的依山傍海，有的凌海架桥，有的穿石钻洞，充分体现了亚热带风光特色。其中从厦门大学到前埔的一段海岸，长约9公里，称为黄金海岸线。 自然，到此骑行也成为厦门游最值得做的7件事情之一。怀着这一憧憬，也为着体验一次骑行的乐趣，12月11日早晨7点钟从旅舍出发，在厦大待了两小时后，9点来到厦大白城，租了辆自行车，踏上征途。我的骑行线路为白城到“一国两制”，全程9公里，耗时2个半小时。吹着海风，聆听海浪拍击岸边的声响，平生第一次当了回骑友，这是一次毕生难忘的经历。这是从厦门大学出来后，过了这座天桥，就是白城沙滩，天气变得很快，之前还是晴空，一会就山雨欲来风满楼，满布乌云，还飞了几丝毛毛雨，海风吹来冷飕飕的。想着自己的一个人，及近来发生的一些个事，心中陡添愁绪。冬风习习冬雨凄凄我竟何故与世迷离改自顾城一首诗 鸡抱窝僧坐禅心明月神鸡蛋——顾城的一首禅诗海滩上的一名“僧人”，不知是在等待，还是在找寻，那普世迷茫的众生，脱离这世上的苦海。看到我过来，上前准备与俺结缘，可惜，信仰有别，无奈的走开。 这波涛，起起伏伏，正如人一生的旅程。 这是厦门音乐广场。 看着这绿树成荫，感觉原来厦门的冬天 一点不输俺昆明，在俺以前的概念中，仿佛到了冬天出了云南，到处一片萧疏，没想到原来是俺思想太过狭隘O(∩_∩)O哈！ 这里印象中路的对面好像是椰风寨，不过想来可能和俺昆明民族村差不多，也木有多少时间，只能留待下次。好大一棵榕树，不知对不对哈。 这红色的部分的路就是骑行道，设计者考虑很周到。 看到这白海豚，一阵惊喜，走近方知这里是白海豚保护区，期盼能看到一只白海豚跃出水面，等了半天，还是只能看到这花丛中的白海豚，看来俺木有这样的好运气O(∩_∩)O哈！ 吭哧吭哧，骑得俺是满身酸痛，终于看到这“一国两制，统一中国”了，听说，在对面台湾，也有这样的语是“三民主义，统一中国”，木有去过，不知真假，不便评说。但两岸的统一，想来也是你我的美好愿望吧。 这个雕塑的背景，就是大海，只可惜在俺这悲催的摄技下，已看不出大海了，不过也正好突出了这手的造型O(∩_∩)O哈！ 还好，这张可以看到海了，可不知为什么，厦门海水的颜色和俺N年前看到的一个样，灰扑扑的，不是印象中那蔚蓝色的海面。不过能看到海，也算一桩美事，对于像俺这种终年生活在内陆省份的人来说，俺从小就向往大海，可唯一能看到的就是滇池。直至后来在深圳大梅沙，第一次看到大海。后来在平时读书中接触了古希腊罗马的文化，对于孕育海洋文化的地方有了浓厚兴趣，印象里不知在那看过，欧洲文化是一种源自希腊罗马的海洋文化，中国文化是大陆山地文化。觉得还是有一种道理。 一尊很大的妈祖像，目之所至，应该就是宝岛台湾。([]
花唇口一张一合
朱诗涵北海道，我想像过无数个我们见面时的画面，然而，当我踏上这片干净得很透彻土地，就被周围的熟悉的气息包围着，清新温暖，似曾相识的美好，在淡色之景中，安静的释放快乐……为满足A妈想去日本旅行的心愿，这次选择了跟团旅行，让我也偷懒享受下不用做功课的幸福吧～嘿嘿，下了飞机，大巴就接上了我们，车窗外的风景吸引着我赶紧掏出手机按下快门～棉花糖一样的云朵，在微风的陪伴下，缓缓的移动在蓝色的布景中⋯;3; 第一站是要驱车3个多小时前往“十胜川”，我们和导游申请要先喂饱肚子，于是徐导把我们带到了一个小而精致的拉面馆⋯Y43;北海道拉面是一定要吃一下的哦～这里6月底7月初的温度很舒服，20度左右，拉面馆的窗外阳光明媚，窗边竟然有这么原生态的风景⋯;⋯最爱雏菊，坚强的盛开在微风和阳光下，又或者是走在某处遇到的小清新，心情一下好起来～ 淡色之景，像梦一样澄澈～ 拉面是可以投币来买的哦～徐导推荐说大酱味的拉面最好吃，毫不犹豫的点了，590日币一碗，约48RMB香喷喷，好地道的一大腕大酱拉面阿～这一顿特别美味～吃好继续赶路，今天的任务就是“行走“在路上⋯;3;3个小时都能一路欣赏到这种乡间小路的美景，好养眼～一点也不嫌多943;⋯到达一个休息站，大家都纷纷下来休息⋯⋯休息站也修的这么美Y43;⋯难怪连日本大叔都认真的在欣赏风光，不忍打搅～可爱的日本小宝宝，妈咪也很年轻漂亮⋯⋯馋嘴A跟风，也买了一个冰激凌，300日币（约24RMB）吃完拉面，甜点也有了，嘿嘿，很好吃哦～ 休息站旁的小花园各种叫不出名字的花儿，争先斗艳～象花儿一样安享岁月流淌的静谧，不问世事，不涉红尘，静坐陌上，等候花开Y43;Y43;好一朵紫色的大球花～怎么能长的这么Q呢？紫色的花儿在这里很常见，给北海道凭舔了许多浪漫色彩;3;⋯到达酒店了，一打开房间门，纯日式踏踏米的房间，很温馨，换上给客人提供的和服款睡衣后，A妈熟练的开始铺床了⋯⋯空间利用的很好的日式整体浴室洗手间，还蛮适合小户型装修参考哈空间利用的很好的日式整体浴室洗手间，还蛮适合小户型装修参考哈房间里的小梳妆镜是折叠起来的，打开后刚好可以利用起来拍个合影～突然感觉到了和原来记忆中某个片段类似的味道，那是一种很奇妙的感觉，有些东西就要属于自己，包括别人拿不走的记忆⋯;⋯相信未来的我会感谢现在努力的自己，你也一样～我喜欢我，在你的角度里灿烂的样子，谢谢A妈给拍下我开心的样子到了晚餐时间啦～大餐开始罗～黄油在热锅上融化后，就可以煎炸美味了～满满一桌子的日本料理，豪华团就是要吃出质量哈～全部自己来，想不好吃也不行⋯;3;全部自己来，想不好吃也不行⋯⋯;吃饱了总要运动下，虽说是在乡间度假村，周边没神马好逛的，也要出去走走，哈哈⋯⋯惭愧的看看周边的日本人，1个胖纸都木有呀～([]
北海道一区在线观看
苏金梅感谢各位驴友的观看，第一次写游记，水平有限，但是我会努力更新。各位有问可以在底下回复我，也欢迎给我支持鼓气！~谢谢各位 先上张封面图片D1 Los angles,CA 到洛杉矶的第一天，先是打个的士去herz取车，定的卡罗拉没有，就拿了个捷达顶替。开出来才发现前面没车牌，方向有点跑偏。然后找了个地方吃饭，买手机卡上网。美国的充值付款还是很方便的，几乎所有地方都可以刷信用卡，但是手机sim卡还是要到营业厅去买。找到个T-mobile的，插到ipad上找不到运营商，他们不敢激活，怕不能用，卡也不能退。找来找去都没有，就先去酒店check in。酒店离la的downtown挺远，沿着110号路开了半个多小时，路都是水泥路，噪音挺大，看起来很旧像是修了很久的。一边有7个车道，其中有2个快速车道独立分开，好像有规定两人以上还是什么才可以开，限速在55-65英里，一个个开的飞快，但没看到被拍照的。路上有摩托骑警，路两边都有围墙围着，还是可以看到很多电线杆，要没注意还以为回到国内乡下。没什么高楼，停车楼挺多，路边有的3刀一小时，有的5刀，在一个商场里面我们停了2小时8刀。很久没穿鞋了，突然穿了两天很难受，赶紧跑去买了双人字拖，17刀，回头一看made in china.酒店是个青年旅馆，环境不错，有山有水有公园，有篮球场还有各种公共服务设施。房间很小，好在是独立房间，还是上下铺，爬上上铺好像时光回转回到了中学寄宿生活。酒店折腾完，又继续出去找卡，找到个at&t的，排队等了好一会，买了个卡，35$有效期1个月，3gb流量，一般用是够了。半夜醒来，听到外面有水声还挺大，以为下雨，看了下原来是自动喷水的浇草地呢。看看附近的港口天气，这样天气适合矶钓，可惜什么渔具都没带，一会去附近渔具店转转。 神车捷达有点跑偏 自制晚餐很不错吧 果子吃到饱D2 Los Anglesey 早上起来下点小雨 D2 long beach 码头防波堤钓鱼的人不少价格真不便宜美式早点重口味，有点甜([]
过膝长筒袜疯狂输出操
姜家荣Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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叶怡伶洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
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