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先上片花新西兰北岛 片花 1新西兰北岛 片花 2新西兰南岛 片花 1新西兰南岛 片花 2新西兰南岛 片花 3飞行中的日出，从HK直飞奥克兰要11个小时。朋友去接机，问住哪儿？YHA！朋友的“大灰熊”和YHA的反差还是蛮大的， 住YHA是多年旅行首选。奥克兰风景 1，清新的空气一扫连夜飞行的疲劳。奥克兰风景 2，远处是市区中心。奥克兰风景 3，四处走走，活动开筋骨。奥克兰风景 4，奥克兰风景 5奥克兰相当中国的上海。奥克兰风景 7，奥克兰风景 8奥克兰风景 9奥克兰风景 10奥克兰风景 11奥克兰风景 12奥克兰风景 13奥克兰风景 14奥克兰的午餐，青口大名远洋，必不可少。奥克兰的午餐，不同口味的青口。奥克兰的午餐，换个角度再上一张。奥克兰的午餐，各种口味的青口。海边的“大灰熊”奥克兰跨海大桥换一种构图垂钓的兄弟([]
最新章节： 第521章 逆天邪神 （ 2024-05-14 07:57:21）
更新时间： 2024-05-14 11:17:42
- 第1章 熊出没
- 第2章 猪猪侠
- 第3章 魔道祖师
- 第4章 微博之夜
- 第5章 倒霉熊
- 第6章 将进酒
- 第7章 我和我的祖国
- 第8章 寻情记
- 第9章 牧马人
- 第10章 本田
- 第11章 穿越火线
- 第12章 起风了
- 第13章 赖冠霖斥私生
- 第14章 大明风华
- 第15章 西班牙人
- 第16章 天道图书馆
- 第17章 我的世界
- 第18章 遮天2
- 第19章 王大陆被曝亲密照
- 第20章 遮天5天道之境
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 25191 章节
- 第549章 路虎
- 第550章 奥特曼
- 第551章 阴阳师
- 第552章 鼠年生肖邮票首发
- 第553章 蔡徐坤
- 第554章 迟到11年的奥运奖牌
- 第555章 熊出没
- 第556章 法医秦明
- 第557章 天官赐福
- 第558章 急速逃脱
- 第559章 何炅
- 第560章 非诚勿扰火影忍者
- 第561章 张若昀回应唇钉
- 第562章 只是太爱你
- 第563章 问道
- 第564章 搞笑一家人
- 第565章 第一所核高校诞生
- 第566章 保时捷
- 第567章 伊朗退出伊核协议
- 第568章 中学禁止学生网购美军航母逼近伊朗
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赵丽美去过许多地方即便最难到达之地，有一些地方我却从未到达譬如我的内心。视频： Somewhere I have never Travelled 拍摄制作：小爱____________________________________________________________________________2013年3月20日我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？ 很长一段时间我陷在自己制造的冲突里，在梦想和现实中举棋不定纠结不堪。回望自己和朋友们各自的成长轨迹觉得这是乏味人生中不多的有趣事情。起初，我们坐在教室学习，对未来毫无头绪。大学毕业后有了不同的职业，在不同的城市和环境生活，不同的故事发生。有的结婚生子，有的在职场拼命爬到很高位置，有的移民出国定居，毕业六年后大家都很成功，在这个社会获得稳定一隅。 在这群卓越青年中怎么蹦生出了我这个混混？我问自己。 有时觉得自己过的还不错，人们羡慕我，无拘无束，去了他们想去没能去的地方，过他们想过没勇气过的生活，活在他们曾经和现在的梦想里；也得到了不起人物的肯定，觉得自己发展的还不赖。 这部分是虚渺的，骄傲的，坚守梦想的一点底气。 现实些，我没有一丁点存款，没有车没有房子，没有名誉和权利。我一事无成。 总之，我们的人生开始分叉，各自蜿蜿蜒蜒伸出自己的一条路。 每个人都有梦想，哪些人在坚守兑付？人怎么个活法，它都是活。 我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。我等不及要回到那里，赶在现代文明吞噬它们之前。___________________________________________________________________________________ 躺在床上，我很容易觉得疲倦，于是坐到窗户旁的书桌，透过窗户玻璃我能看到屋外树木的枯枝在风中剧烈地摇晃。这是几棵大树，足有五层楼高，乌黑的枝干在干燥寒冷的空气里裸露了整个冬天，已经没有一片叶子可以落下。前年小区绿化规划时没有把它们纳入改造范围，所以住在四楼的我夏天打开窗户仍可以看到城市不多见的美景，浓绿的树叶层层包裹住树端，成群小鸟停在枝头或躲藏在浓厚的叶丛中，唧唧咋咋成天闲扯。 另一侧北面房间的窗户外原本是一小片杂树林，春天里很多树还会开着一串串雪一样洁白的花朵，有的则是大朵的娇艳的鲜红。现在，那里变成了一个休闲广场，我再也不喜欢留在北面房间了，以前的树木全不见了，换上了几株名贵的树稀稀拉拉安置在广场四个角上，还有一些修剪成圆的方的长刺的低矮灌从，小狗们都喜欢抬腿在那下面撒尿拉屎，小区的老人小孩一吃过晚饭也来这里遛弯嬉闹。 我开始回想这次旅途。______________________________________________________________________行程：泰国—柬埔寨—泰国2.16 重庆江北国际机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券780元特价机票） — 飞抵曼谷2.17 曼谷廊曼机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券180元特价机票） — 清迈机场2.17—2.21 曼谷清迈（泰柬过境） 2.21 清迈 — NCA公司夜间巴士（极舒适，高性价，推荐）— 曼谷 — 2.22曼谷Moh Chit 汽车站国营巴士（不推荐私营巴士）— 泰柬边境城市波贝 — 办理返，出境（若需从柬埔寨再次返回泰国，必须办理）— 入境（柬埔寨）— 出租车至暹粒2.22 — 2.28 暹粒（原计划26日离开暹粒，因来到ACODO孤儿院，推后行程2天）2.28 暹粒— 巴士（旅游代理处购买，从旅社接人，过境中转，直至送至岛上，推荐，注意此行程需耗时一天） — 泰国象岛3.1 — 3.6 泰国象岛3.6 象岛 — 巴士（旅游代理）— 曼谷3.7 曼谷廊漫机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券580元特价票）— 西安咸阳国际机场（机票购买、证申请、具体行程及住宿出行安排费用等在相应文章楼层上陆续奉上）______________________________________________________________________本帖导引：＊ ［ 视频 ］Somewhere I have never Travelled 3月20日 我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？ “我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。” 2月19日 我不可能长居清迈 2月20日 低调的名人YB和他的清迈 “其实我一直想象着像阿甘那样跑着跑着，突然他不想跑了，没有理由。” 第1页https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-1-1.html＊ 2月22日 暹粒城ACODO孤儿院 （Assisting Cambodian Orphans and the Disabled Organization） 2月23日 我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？ ［ 视频 ］ -_-# 淘气的小绵羊们第2页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-2-1.html＊ ACODO 续 “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。 现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。” ［ 视频 ］ ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐（制作中） 第5页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-5-1.html＊ 2月24日 噢，AnjaAnja! “求生和怕死的本能使我们感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福， 说也奇怪，我们竟以为理当如此。” ［拍摄］ 吴哥古庙群拍摄集锦 第6页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-6-1.html＊ 2月26日 嘿，猴子 “我们只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。” 2月28日 1989年登顶珠穆朗玛峰的 David 老师 “神秘的追寻具有致命的魔力” 第16页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-16-1.html＊ 3月1日 泰国象岛（Koh Chang） “清晨暖黄的阳光投射进来，照亮了猩红的木地板，我打赤脚在上面走来走去。” 3月2日 我“憎恨”自由职业 “如果天气好我就坐在马桶上不起来，夜里还能看到满天繁星。”第38页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-38-1.html＊ 3月3日 在海底，我遇见最美的色彩和心情 “这一刻我产生了类似爱情的幻觉， 此情此景符合了我对爱情最初最美好愿望的所有元素，美丽、纯真、信任、相伴相随。” “现在，我要的爱情简单许多，但并不容易。他并不接纳我的全部，当我精神低迷 陷入幻觉，发疯般歇斯底里挣扎时，他逃的远远的，我学会永远不去指望他给我 支持的力量走出困境。” 3月4日 中国厨娘 “每道料理一装好盘，我就马上拍了图片发给爸爸妈妈看，有点扬眉吐气那种感觉。” 3月5日——3月7日［图文编辑中］ 第39页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-39-1.html__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2月16日 重庆江北国际机场登机，我依旧坐在最后一排靠窗的位置，丛背包里取出爸爸妈妈清晨起床为我准备的便当，已经过了四五个小时它们竟然还是热乎乎的。爸爸妈妈是很传统的中国父母，希望我结婚生子，保持一份稳定的工作。我既不想结婚，现在这份稳定体面的工作马上也会结束。我向往绝对无束缚的生活，其中包括暂时离开父母，这让他们伤心难过也为我操心。我们之间产生了许多冲突和争吵。在中国“女子当相夫教子”、“孝为大”这些根深蒂固传统观念下做这份决定是极自私的，让我心绪不宁良心不安。 “自由职业”听着就太漂泊，但我并不是莽莽撞撞做这样决定的，未来的生活或许会很不如愿，但就算有机会回头我也不要。所以往前走的决定我自己负责，后果我全心全意接受。我现在就这么写，希望话说出来，我会勇气大增。无论如何主意已定，这几个月我开始努力尝试让父母了解并接纳我的生活方式，情况也逐渐向好的方向发展。 经济宽裕后，我更喜欢选择飞行的方式旅行。飞机迅疾上升，可以带我更快远离陈旧腐烂的环境，我的恐惧和悲伤，我的敌人和同仁，他们都留在了地面上。 飞行两个小时后，舷窗外的天空从湛蓝变的灰蒙蒙，机上广播说我们已经到达泰国首都曼谷市上空。飞机开始下降，冲透空气中最污浊的那一片后，地面开始隐约出现鳞次栉比的建筑，看上去和这个世界的其它城市很相似。现在这些城市不只布局相似，待在里面的人们他们的生活方式也越来越相似了。地面偶尔会出现一栋接一栋绿树环绕的金色寺庙。这时是冬天，在这个国家却依然有这么多葱翠的绿树，我居住的城市从空中俯瞰只有一整片死亡的灰色。寺庙的金顶在阳光下闪闪发亮，特别耀人眼。_____________________________________________________________________当我终于鼓起勇气迎面人生里汹涌而来的大浪，生命却转瞬为我展示它最灿烂可爱的一面。 拍摄：泰国象岛日落—————————————————————————————————————————————————新浪微博：@小爱-我在旅途中8264铿锵玫瑰栏目：第一期——我爱爸爸妈妈 访问链接：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1234510-1-1.html其它图文纪录：中东 . 以色列：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1229470-1-1.html西藏 . 阿里：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-844544-1-1.html西藏 . 川西：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-424848-1-1.html———————————————————————————————————————————— 2月17日 在曼谷并没有多停留，我讨厌大城市，今早起床后直接飞往清迈。_____________________________________________________拍摄：吴哥寺______________________________________________________________________________________关于泰国和柬埔寨证申请：泰国旅游证：自己申请泰国证与旅行社代办的区别？1.费用不同申请人自己到使馆申请泰国证费用为RMB230元证费+RMB10元银行手续费合计为RMB240元。2.所需资料不同由旅行社代办泰国证护照+1张2寸白底照片即可，自己到使馆申请泰国证需护照+身份证+在职证明+机票订单+存款证明+照片。 3.a.坐在家里就可以申请证小爱懒人一枚，加上自己去使馆送并不方便，所以通过网上下单，（小爱此次通过“爱旅行网”办理证，大家所在城市的有国际业务的旅行社应该都可以代办，也可以在淘宝搜索可靠的证代理，一定要是可靠的代理喔）证代理公司全套代办泰国证，无需亲自前往使馆申请，免去了至少2次赴使馆的奔波之苦，坐在家里即可轻松申请泰国证。b.自己准备材料赴本辖区的泰国使馆申请证柬埔寨旅游证：1.电子啊电子，无与伦比的方便，提过网络提交证申请表格并支付证费用（25美金），二个工作日后我收到电子证email,下载打印出来即可。好方便啊，都这样吧柬埔寨电子申请地址：https//www.mfaic.gov.kh/evisa/?lang=ChiS2.落地，如果您是白本护照建议先申请证而不是落地，因为白本护照中国的海关可能不放你出去喔：）_________________________________________________________________________关于亚洲航空廉价机票预订：亚洲航空是我们熟悉的廉价航空公司，购买亚洲航空公司机票提早规划，提早订票，通常情况下提前半年预订您一定能买到非常合适的机票；关注亚洲航空微博 @亚航之家，任何亚洲航空的优惠活动和特价票的发放都会提前在微博播报) ；小爱因是临时决定的泰国行程，仅提前一个月购买机票，但价格仍旧还不错：）亚洲航空公司（AirAisa）官方网站：https//www.airASIa.com/cn/zh/home.page______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月17日清迈周日夜市的阵雨 傍晚时分，忽然刮起大风，风越来越大，刮落的树叶瞬即又随风上扬，翻转滚动着飞舞很远。夜市上的小贩们慌忙收摊或找来塑料薄膜赶紧盖在售卖的物品上，原本往一个方向走的人流中开始有人掉头转身往不同方向前进，原本拥挤但还算有秩序的道路因此变得熙攘。没过一会儿豆大的雨点砸落下来，一场阵雨来临。____________________________________________________________面对大海，我可以获得一份内心的平静。拍摄： 泰国象岛 日落前夕______________________________________________________________________________________清迈：周日夜市（Sunday Market）安排清迈的行程前一定看看日历，每个周日在塔佩门都有很棒的夜市，一公里长的主道布满了摊点，可以购买很多特色小玩意儿，非常多的美食、街头乐队，好玩的事物目不暇接，即便暴雨也浇不灭我们逛街的热情哈哈)住宿（Hostel）FWD House Hostel Booking 的预订页面https//www.booking.com/hotel/th/forward-house-hostel.zh.html清迈旅社很多，walk in 也是可以的，但如果想要入住心仪的客栈，尤其是旺季，请至少提前二个月预订另，泰国入室内都是需要脱掉鞋子的，我们应尊重泰国的当地礼仪，也为中国塑造良好的旅行者形象：）货币兑换（Exchange）推荐“Super Rich”兑换店，在曼谷和清迈都有，汇率通常比别家实在)交通推荐皮卡改装的双条车，红色车无固定路线，招手停，告诉司机你要去哪个地方，并在地图上识给司机看，确认价格，上车。起步20铢／人，也可以包车，小爱有遇到乱要价的司机，所以如果大家对价格不确定可以事先在客栈前台咨询下，做到心里有数) 2月18日 清迈无论何时都是一副慵懒清闲的神态，我喜欢它黄昏时的街景，那时我蹲在某个狭窄街道，眼前移动的人群、车辆都只是剪影，他们的模样、神态、形状和色彩都有些模糊，街灯和车灯是一簇簇闪亮的星光。黑暗逐渐降临，街道两侧的建筑物黢黑的轮廓在深蓝的天空背景下更加清晰，远方云层低垂，灰色上面点缀了橘红。这看上去像是一幅油画。________________________________________________看见这个场景，我听见内心对自己说 “看，这就是旅行的意义。”拍摄：泰国象岛日落______________________________________________________________________________________清迈活动：城区：＊租赁一辆自行车或助力摩托车，通常以一天计费。这样的方式穿行在清迈的大街小巷，你会觉得自己更象当地人，而不是旅行者。泰国的行驶方向与国内相反，靠左行驶，一定注意安全喔：）＊SPA，街边的小时按摩很local也很便宜。小爱建议无需迷信网络推荐“女子监狱”按摩，按摩技术并无特别，和那里的按摩师交流中，她们也很迷惑为什么去的几乎全是中国人，络绎不绝，她们甚至没有时间休息。＊美食，每晚6点后出摊的清迈门夜市，满是当地美食小摊，超美味，极推荐城外：ATV (All Terrain Vehicle即全路况四轮越野摩托车)，很容易驾驶，又令人兴奋刺激，推荐漂流，也还不错喔参考旅游公司网站：https//www.chiangmaiadventure.co.thhttps//www.thepeakadventure.com (小爱选择的服务商，ATV价格更合适)______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月19日 我不可能长居清迈 或许有人听了要不开心了。我是不适合在清迈长住的人，才待了两天就已经觉得腻烦，我着急报名了漂流和山地越野这些刺激的户外玩意儿，预算之外多花了一大笔钱让自己有事可做。我愈发后悔自己决定成行这次休闲之旅，太乏味了，这让我更想念西藏阿里的高山和茫茫雪原，这处贫瘠安静的所在有太多东西叫我着迷。 我形容清迈就像一瓶依云矿泉水。精致好品位又怎样，对我而言它就是平淡乏味的白开水。尽管如此，许多旅行归来写出诱人故事的人们并没有骗你们，清迈的生活确实有她滋味的一面，她有很多精心妆点的漂亮庭院，庭院里有开满花的漂亮植物和可爱的陶瓷装饰品；本地夜市有便宜而且美味的食物，这里的各种水果沙冰饮品和芒果糯米甜点真是美味，我深深爱上它们。只是这些珍宝都混杂在一大堆让我感觉无趣乏味的城市影像中。 通常我会去一个城市的博物馆或艺术馆，城市文化方方面面的精华都在那里。___________________________________________________________________突突车司机清晨未如约出现，再赶到吴哥窟时，太阳已经升起，但看到这样的景致仍旧欢喜：）拍摄：吴哥窟日出 2月20日低调的名人YB和他的清迈 旅行中我们总会认识几个新朋友。YB是中国人，工作六年后辞职来清迈定居下来做一个自由职业者，今天晚上他骑着小摩托载我去见识一个有意思些的清迈。 第一站是清迈门，白日里空旷的广场现在满是桌子凳子人群和小吃摊。YB买来猪肉粥让我试试，粥熬的糯软细腻，搭配有猪肉丸子和姜丝，粥融入了肉的鲜味且一点不腻而且入口极其香滑，这是我吃过最好吃的粥了。离开清迈前一定要再来。我在各个小吃摊前垂涎欲滴徘徊不已，最后买了折合人民币一元钱一串的烤肉，塞了满满一小袋，喝足了五元钱一大杯的芒果沙冰、香蕉沙冰、西瓜沙冰，各种水果沙冰。这里所有食物都让我欲罢不能！ 我们到了冰河旁一处很有特色的酒吧，bus bar就在冰河铁桥旁，比起沿河其他那些吵闹的酒吧这里安静多了。一辆红色的双层巴士改装成餐厅，布置的很温馨，可以坐下十来个客人。另一辆稍小些的红色巴士改装成了调酒吧。巴士旁是Bus bar很大的露天场地，摆放了二十来套桌椅，每张桌子上都点燃着烛光。有一棵很久远前活到现在的高大古树。YB低头看着脚下的河水向我描述 “水灯节时，这两边河岸会全是红橙橙的烛火，僧人在这样的树下念经，河里尽是纸船载着烛火向下游漂去，数不清的孔明灯载着人们的愿望飞上夜空。非常漂亮！”这简直就是要在我心里种下重返清迈的种子。 YB叫了一瓶啤酒后打开电脑继续写未完成的文章，我取出笔记本开始记下今天的故事。四周是轻柔的爵士乐和坐在附近客人的低喃，空气中携带着水汽和夜晚的清凉。我正无比享受这份舒适和静谧，一位非得要见偶像YB的中国游客跑来闲扯打破了这氛围，真讨厌啊。_________________________________________________《711贩卖店》 黑暗是恐惧的信使。一家711贩卖店独立在浓浓的夜色里，蔓延的黑暗笼罩了除此之外的一切。当夜幕降临时，它是这黑暗里唯一安全的象征，在夜晚比白天更容易对它生出亲近感。 我并不十分讨厌现代文明。拍摄： 泰国象岛 夜间出海归来_________________________________________________ 2月21日 离开清迈 YB来送我去汽车站。我好奇便问他，“你送我离开，会有难过的感觉吗？每一次送走朋友，他们继续向前走，在路上，而你得留在原地？” YB想了想回答，“现在不会了，因为旅行过很长一段时间，想固定下来。” “可是我会。每一次眼睁睁看着朋友们背着行囊出发而我只能留在乏味的生活里，我都难过得要死，我希望离开的那个人，在路上的那个人，永远是我”。______________________________________________________________________________________清迈至曼谷：火车（Train）清迈火车站可以购买全泰国任何站点始发火车票，以及部分岛屿车船联票。提前规划行程又担心到了跟前买不到车票的朋友可在泰国铁路官网https//www.thairailticket.com/esrt/Default.aspx?language=1购买电子票，可提前60天购买，提前3天以上可退票费80％，3天内退50％。巴士（Bus）NAC巴士公司，不用担心在巴士上无法睡好，NAC公司巴士的座椅可调节，设计非常棒，每个位置配有小电视有很多电影、音乐MV可看，还可以玩游戏啊！！客服会给你送来许多饮品和主食零食，真的很棒，最重要的是这趟夜间巴士小爱睡的非常踏实呢。极推荐：）NAC巴士公司的车票暂时无法通过网络直接购买，您可以到了曼谷或清迈后购买或着找旅游代理帮忙提前购买，NAC有45天预购期，这次小爱通过网络找到一位叫“500”的驻清迈华人代理帮忙购票，购买清迈至曼谷的gold舱（按摩座椅）657泰铢，代理费80泰铢／人。大家可通过emailryans.lin@gmail.com 联系500咨询：）______________________________________________________________________________________ ＊契迪龙庙时装秀 . ATV 越野摩托＊ 视频（待添加）拍摄：清迈早市的玫瑰 拍摄：泰国 象岛时光 占楼：）小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励：）都不好意思把写好的内容替换在这楼了嘿嘿：P索性把这次旅行中小爱不多的自拍照放在这一楼吧：） ＊ 今天我同Nancy一起借了客栈的自行车骑去ACODO, 大概因为在Siem Reap高壮的欧美背包客多些，客栈的自行车座也配合着调整的很高，我坐上去后只能撑直腿崩直脚掌才好蹬动脚踏板，这让我的短腿觉的郁闷。客栈的自行车破烂的活像从废品收购站买回来的，ACODO在Siem Reap郊区，我们蹬着这破车丁零哐啷摇摇晃晃了十来分钟来到ACODO大院。孩子们正在教室上课，院子里没什么人。停下车后正准备取锁锁车，Nancy说“不需要，就这样放在这里不会有任何问。”拍摄：ACODO 孤儿院 ＊ACODO ACODO是一家非政府组织，(即NGO, Non-Governmental Non-Political Non-Profit Organization)，管理人介绍，这是一家主要帮助和收养受毒品和艾滋病毒残害的孩子、在非法活动如儿童贩卖和卖淫中受害的孩子、家庭暴力中受虐的孩子、身体有残疾的孩子和没有父母的孩子的机构，主旨是帮助这些孩子脱离恶劣的环境，给他们一个健康安全的生活成长环境和接受教育的机会，使孩子们能够养成正确的社会意识和培养他们可以独立生活的能力技能。 现在有近80个孩子居住在ACODO，这个数字已经超出了机构的负荷，但每天仍不断有新的孩子被送来。 晚些时候我们回到城里，我花钱在租赁店租了一辆好些的自行车，有个车篮可以放水和食物，交3美元租金使用一天，我让老板把车座调低到舒适的高度，我那短腿可开心了。拍摄：ACODO的孩子 2月23日 我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？ 这是爱心泛滥时矫情的想法，我自知能为这些孩子们做的事极少，何谈一个新的人生！但即便这样，仍想为他们做点什么。譬如现在这样。 上午在吴哥寺的拍摄计划结束后我回客栈睡了一个午觉，三点多爬起床蹬车去ACODO。Nancy正带着小毛孩们哼唱英文单词“head eyes nose mouth shoulder knees foot, head eyes nose…", 这群小孙悟空中最大的一个也还不到五岁，哪可能集中精神乖乖坐在位置就范，唱着唱着就有爬桌子的、爬柜子的、爬窗户的, 还有抱住老师大腿手舞足蹈的；打架的、吵架的，整个课堂稀里哗啦吵闹的像个集市。两个小男孩互相挤眉弄眼的使眼色，冷不丁就滑下桌子溜出教室玩儿去了，路过身边时还优哉游哉的冲我笑。 拍摄： ACODO的孩子 ［视频：小绵羊们张牙舞爪的课堂］［制作：小爱］ 来ACODO之前我一直很紧张，我不清楚志愿者要具体做些什么，怎样才可以做好 尤其是面对这样一群特别的孩子 ………… 然而才一个小时的相处过后，我的紧张和僵硬全被这群暖融融的淘气小绵羊给融化了你也想成为一名NGO志愿者吗，教授这些孩子知识与能力？准备好了吗？这里或许比你想像中混乱，但却那么美好！___________________________________________________________左！…右！哟，那小屁股撅的喔！…-_-#……（凶狠）你们这是要闹哪样！！Y(^_^)Y 小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励，我会更加努力，在实现梦想的路上：）ACODO续 对于观光客而言，暹粒（Siem Reap）是世界文化遗产吴哥古迹所在地，是历史及异国情调的混合体，拥挤的酒吧街和繁忙的夜市，给人充满活力、激奋的印象，容易让人忘记它本身的穷困。但靠近看的更仔细些，很快就会发现光着脚丫、穿着肮脏简陋的衣服、肩上扛着垃圾袋的孩子，数百成千这样的孩子生活在城市的街道和吴哥景区中，仰赖向观光客们销售物品、乞讨零钱和捡拾垃圾过活，希望每一天有所获。 柬埔寨分布着许多公益组织，ACODO这一类组织提供孩子们稳定的居所，有足够的衣服、足够的食物，更重要的是这里的孩子有接受教育的机会，接受教育是他们唯一可以改变自己命运的方式，如果不上学，他们将仍旧贫穷、乞讨、偷窃、被贩卖，可能会变成流氓、妓女或在街头死亡。没有未来。生活困苦，但总有令孩子们高兴的事儿，他们嘻嘻哈哈朝我的方向跑来，奔跑像在跳舞拍摄：吴哥寺捡垃圾的孩子孩子们在满是垃圾的河水中游泳，这总会让人担忧拍摄：生态 孩子 * “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。”拍摄：ACODO的孩子 能够进入这些NGO组织学习生活的孩子是非常幸运的，他们中大部分人的人生毫无疑问从此改变。而组织外，仍有成千上万的孩子流浪在街头，虚弱暴露在社会的贫穷邋遢和阴暗中，不敢奢望一切能有所改变。 . 视频：ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐制作：小爱（待添加：） ） 2月24日 噢，AnjaAnja! 我决定在暹粒多待几天。这两天就和Anja厮混在一起。 Anja是胖胖的丹麦女生，患有先天性心脏病，我们在泰柬边境城市波贝办理入境手续时认识。为了吴哥寺的日出，今早我们五点半就出发了，俩人一直游荡到午后。离开圣剑寺时我察觉Anja似乎不舒服，过了一会儿她就跑到草地上呕吐起来。我吓坏了。 Anja今天竟然没带药丸，她的病情要求她每小时服药，而现在离上一次服药已经过了七个小时。Anja的心脏和身体正在严重超负荷运转。 我紧张急了，催突突车司机赶快带我们回城。在车上，Anja又呕吐了好几次。 Anja说“我想过正常些的生活，没有这些讨厌的药丸”。我臭她，“别再做这样愚蠢的事情”。这会要了她的命。Anja绝不是安分的心脏病病人，她热爱旅行，带着这颗随时会崩溃的心脏去了许多美丽的地方。明天Anja要乘船去金边，有朋友告诉她这段水路河道两岸的景致美极了，我想和她一起走，但又舍不得ACODO的孩子们。后续： 回国前一天我回到曼谷，在World Center 购物大厦门前撞到一群追星的女孩，鬼哭狼嚎的，我躲开她们上到天桥。 天啊，我竟然看到Anja, 她正饶有兴致的看着桥下那群疯狂的女孩痴痴的笑，我不敢大喊，吓到她可就不好了，于是静悄悄走到她旁边，用屁股轻轻撞了撞她，压低了声音“hey,Anja”。谁知这丫头仍被吓得不轻，厉声尖叫着回头，一看是我，尖叫声就更加悠长高亢了。 我把这归结为缘，我和Anja的缘分。 求生和怕死的本能使我们感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福，说也奇怪，我们竟以为理当如此。未来或许我也会遇到像Anja这样生命中别无选择的困境，那是我会提醒自己，嘿，像Anja一样勇敢坚强。 噢，AnjaAnja!_______________________________________________________________________________下一次我也要让自己在海上如此努力挥桨，迎着汹涌澎湃的风浪，在金色空气中，击退迎面而来得凶恶。拍摄：泰国象岛日落 ＊ 古庙群拍摄集锦 体力好不怕热的朋友，小爱超强烈建议大家在城里租一辆自行车，踩着脚踏车穿行在树林和古庙间的感觉太好了：） 当然也要注意安全，看完日落后回城里天已经黑了，这时从景区回城里的路汽车较多，小心避让：） 有两天我都踩着脚踏车在古庙群里到处逛，虽然有些累，但非常快乐：）—————————————————————————————————————————————————拍摄： 古庙群拍摄集锦 拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦 2月26日 猴子 从吴哥寺到巴戎寺的路上有好多猴子，不怕人也不躲。我第一次见到猴子抱着水瓶喝水的样子，这些淘气翻天的家伙捧着矿泉水瓶异常安静乖巧，就连眼神也像婴儿一样天真无邪，很讨人喜欢。 人类总是羞于承认自己和其他动物的同根性，它们是没有理性没有智慧的野蛮兽类，而我们则有点像是下凡的天使。 我们只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。_________________________________________________________________________ *. 麻麻给我芒果嘛，给我嘛，给我嘛！ *. 喂，你哪来的？嘿，说你呢拿相机的！ ＊. 你说你一天到晚想啥呀？([]
啄木鸟伍迪在线观看
鞠淑敏我和老头儿都属于那种爱幻想却懒于行动的人，如果说年轻的时候还有那么点冲动和冲劲，现在已然过而立近不惑，越发的懒了，很多事情只是想想，时间久了就了无声息了。 “咱俩去西藏吧！”这个念头去年就有了，但当时真的只是想一想，说一说，什么时候能去？猴年马月~~ 看别人进藏的贴子，只能欣赏之余，外加羡慕嫉妒恨！~~ 今年五月，正好老头儿单位合同到期，打算换个环境，不续了。我早两年也辞职自己做点小生意，这年头小本生意难做，索性就这个机会去西藏，此时不去更待何时~~ 开始准备，说实话，一边准备着也一边纠结着，这是真滴嘛，真滴要去西藏了？~~原打算五月末出发，后因为家里有事，一拖再拖，有那么一段时间感觉这次又要泡汤了，心情很低落。人生怎么就那么纠结！~~ 终于，六月下旬的时候，决定无论准备到什么程度，七月初出发，定了三个日期，7月3日，5日，或7日。 后于7月5日下午6点于大连家里出发，西藏圆梦之旅终于启程了~~~DAY 1 大连旅顺港--山东东营港 DAY 2 山东东营--河南洛阳 DAY 3 洛阳--西安 游西安兵马俑 DAY 4 西安--九寨沟 夜宿九寨沟 DAY 5 九寨沟一日游 DAY 6 阿坝松潘县--成都 夜宿成都 DAY 7 成都 成都大熊猫基地，宽窄巷子DAY 8 成都--德昌 夜宿德昌服务区 DAY 9 德昌--丽江 德昌服务区，攀枝花，丽江DAY 10 丽江 丽江古城，拉丽海DAY 11 丽江--大理 DAY 12 大理 大理古城，洱海公园DAY 13 大理--香格里拉，夜住迪庆 DAY 14 香格里拉--曲孜卡乡 迪庆，德钦，盐井，曲孜卡乡DAY 15 曲孜卡--左贡 曲孜卡，芒康，左贡DAY 16 左贡--波密 左贡，邦达，八宿，然乌，波密DAY 17 勇过通麦天险 波密，通麦，鲁朗，林芝，巴松措DAY 18 到达圣城拉萨 巴松措，墨竹工卡，拉萨DAY 19 拉萨 DAY 20 布达拉宫 DAY 21 拉萨 --那木措 大昭寺，八廓街，当雄，那木措DAY 22 那木措--雁石坪 DAY 23 雁石坪--格尔木 雁石坪--沱沱河--格尔木DAY 24 格尔木-敦煌 莫高窟DAY 25 张掖丹霞地貌 瓜州，嘉峪关，张掖DAY 26 张掖 --银川 DAY 27 吃包头小肥羊总店 银川，包头DAY 28 游格根塔拉草原 包头，呼市，怀安DAY 29 贡格尔草原露营 怀安，克什克腾，贡格尔草原DAY 30 克什克腾--大连 先来介绍下准备活动：车辆是两厢小车，不足两年，车况没问。之前看其它进藏的贴子，也提到西藏住宿的不方便，一是藏民的生活习惯怕不适应，二是遇到路毁堵车的时候又坐地起价。三是不想赶路，随心随性，遇到合适的地方就可以住下，这样最好！一路下来，三十天，我们只住了6天店，其它全住在车里，西藏境内睡觉全部床车解决，西藏的温度真的很适合睡车里，不冷不热，很舒服。关于这次旅行的各项费用这里做个总结：1，加油费：5195元（11517公里）2，过路费：2943元（高速2828，省道115）3，门票费：2096元4，住宿费：702元（6天）5，外食费：974元（包括饭店和小吃）6，车保养费：451元。7，药品：67元8，保险：66元9，船票：900元10，其它买菜买水果停车费等等杂费：1119元----------------------------总计：14513元。11，再加上之前准备物资和车辆改装的花费大约1000元。----------------------------总计：15000左右。心得：其实还算省的，毕竟30天，一万多公里。平均每天也就不到500块钱，要吃要喝要住要玩要加油要跑路，想想，是不是很省了，用我老头儿的话说，省到家了。 DAY 1 大连旅顺港--山东东营港 7月5日，第一天，坐船到东营，晚10点到第二天早5点，7个小时在船上，就是睡觉！7月5日花销：1，船票：880元（190*2+500）2，甲板票：20元3，大连境内高速：15元---------------------总计：915元DAY 2 山东东营--河南洛阳 第二天，7月6日，没什么具体安排，就是赶路，从东营向西安方向，能滚多远滚多远。晚饭的时候不太饿，吃的桃子，没做饭。7月6日花销：1，加油：240元（山东利津服务区，7.83元/升）2，山东境内高速费：1103，河北境内高速费 90+115=2054，加油：240（河南安阳服务区，7.78元/升）-----------------总计：795元 第三天，7月7日，重要景点：西安兵马俑7月7日花销：1，加油250 陕西南沙服务区 7.78元/升2，河南省内高速费：1453，陕西省内高速费：75元4，兵马俑门票：300元5，兵马俑电瓶车票：10元6，兵马俑停车费：20元7，公交车：8元8，小吃：84元9，住宿：148元（西安加利利快捷酒店）------------------------总计：1040元。([]
啄木鸟最经典剧情片排行榜前十名
王怡珮Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
嘿嘿跳转接口2021未满十八岁
郭睿纬走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上
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蔡豪羽2013年马上就将结束，回到老家也有十来天了，心其实还在路上。在路上瞎折腾了8个多月后，累了，审美疲劳了，没钱了，终于停下来有时间整理照片了。旅行快不快乐，取决于跟什么人一起旅行。这里感谢一路同行的小伙伴们。因为有你们，我的人生更快乐。回忆如梦，所有的一切仿佛像似昨晚的一场梦：徒步雨崩抄小路掉进冰冷的溪里，半夜摸黑逃票尼农如同抗日战争， 搭拖拉机穿行澜沧大峡谷，大雪中搭车翻红拉雪山，东达山冰冻中下车奔跑，业拉山搭不到车抄近路徒步，坐在小货车后面敞开的车箱里下72拐，加查山上大雪中吃西瓜，似漆黑夜搭翻斗车去桑耶寺，坐玩命摩托上加乌拉山口看珠峰，在多玛等一天(等了15个小时）没搭到去叶城的车，坐溜索过叶尔羌河去皮勒村，两个B无GPS走狼塔C，单人无GPS穿越鳌太差点失温冻死（3天成功穿越），牛背山看云海啥都没看着（大雾），两个2B走在连傻B都不走的路上穿越罗布泊核心区......一切都历历在目。最美风景在路上2013年的穷游及徒步轨迹3月：湖南、云南（徒步雨崩）4月：云南、西藏5月：西藏、新疆6月：新疆(徒步琼库什台)7月：新疆、青海、陕西（2人GPS无向导穿越狼塔C线、单人无GPS无向导三天穿越鳌太）8月：四川、贵州（徒步牛背山）9月：重庆、湖南、湖北10月：湖北、新疆（2人无向导无卫星电话无后援徒步穿越罗布泊核心区）11月：甘肃、陕西、内蒙、北京、宁夏、山西、青海（徒步华山、箭扣、司马台）12月：湖南（徒步湖南崀山八角寨大峡谷探路）立帖记录下徒步历程微博名：胡世华Swan-hu咨询行程攻略的可加我QQ314880333或加群248211563目录徒步雨崩： 第3页雨崩神瀑： 第9页雨崩冰湖： 第19页 梅里雪山： 第28页（中国最美雪山）琼库什台徒步 ： 第32页（中国最美草原）狼塔C 第56页风雪中徒步狼塔 2013年3月，辞职了，在家闲着，有个朋友在云南雨崩开了家小客栈想转让问我要不要接过来做（去年骑完318以后就有了开个小客栈的念头），之前听骑过滇藏线的骑友提过雨崩这个地方，只知道是梅里雪山下的一个村子，其它的一无所知，更不知道它竞然是中国十大徒步路线之一。我在网上查了几天雨崩的资料，在8264看了很多帖子，被梅里雪山的美丽惊呆了。日照金山是那么的振憾！ 同时发现它是条很难的徒步路线（网上说的是中国十大徒步路线之一），走尼农进还有段很长的路是在悬崖边上走的。 记得去年骑318到泸定时，大家去泸定桥玩，我一到桥头脚就软了，最后还是队友牵我过到对岸的，这证明我有严重的恐高症。我考虑了几天到底要不要去雨崩（怕恐高过不去），权衡了几天我还是买了去昆明的火车票。3月底到4月，我在雨崩与飞来寺这两地方待了二十来天，来回进雨崩不记得多少次了，估计不下十次，后来村里面的很多人都认识我了。我从三条路线进过雨崩。里面的神瀑、冰湖都去好几次，神湖因三四月份去不了没去过。日照金山看到了不下十次。徒步初体验在去雨崩之前从来没有徒步过，对于户外也就是去年5月骑了次川藏南线，也算是驴友了。但看了网上的很多帖子后还是很忐忑，因为从来没接触过徒步，帖子上一般都说的神乎其神的，什么强度很大呀，中国十大徒步路线之一呀，每年都会死人呀。帖子上列的装备我都没有，最后打电话给朋友，朋友说来吧，不是很难的，你一个骑完过318的大男人怕什么呀。打完电话我就把去昆明的火车票买了。下面来说下我后面总结出来的攻略雨崩村位于梅里雪山十三峰之一的缅茨母峰与五冠峰的山脚下，景色优美，民风淳朴，是一个神秘的藏族村落。村子由两上雨崩与下雨崩组成，上下雨崩相距1公里左右。是徒步爱好者的天堂。交通：火车/汽车/飞机到昆明，然后可以从昆明到大理、丽江、香格里拉、德钦一路玩过去（可以搭车也可以班车），昆明、丽江、香格里拉都有直达德钦的班车（昆明到德钦22小时，丽江到德钦12小时，香格里拉到德钦5小时），德钦到飞来寺有班车班车（好像是5块每人），班车有时没有的，（也可以从德钦可以拼面包车到飞来寺，一般要砍价，可以砍到5块/人）从飞来寺到西当温泉有简易公路，西当到雨崩村是没有公路的，村子里的物资全部从西当用骡子驮进去，所以里面的物价很高（550ML的农夫山泉卖5元），但住宿很便宜（五一，十一等假会翻好几番），就是条件稍差点（间也有，平时150左右）。去年已经通了电（南方电网供电），只有中国移动在山上建了个小基站，但是是太阳能供电的，天气很好的时候白天晚上都有信号，天气一般的时候上午8点到晚上12点有信号，天气差的时候要白天10点以后才有信号，下午5点可能就没信号了。我走过的进雨崩的路有三条：1号线.从飞来寺坐车或包车到西当温泉，然后从西当温泉开始徒步或坐骡子进村（骡子来村价格（平时）：从西当温泉到上雨崩是175/人，上雨崩到西当是125/人，只有土豪骑呀）2号线.从飞来寺包车到尼农桥，从尼农桥过澜沧江后徒步进村（没骡子骑），这条路相对危险很多，但风景也相对好得多。以前一般逃票的人走这条线，从今年4月开始很难成功了，我带人从这逃了两次没成功。3号线.从飞来寺山214国道下面开始全程徒步进雨崩，从荣中桥过澜沧江后，沿公路到西当温泉，从西当温泉开始与1号线走的是同样的路线。这条路很危险，强度也大，体力一般的人不建议走。日照金山梅里主峰卡瓦格博下面开始回忆第一次徒步雨崩尼农进雨崩攻略： 第3页雨崩神瀑： 第9页雨崩冰湖： 第19页 日照金山： 第28页 下面开始回忆第一次徒步雨崩尼农进雨崩攻略： 第3页雨崩神瀑： 第9页雨崩冰湖： 第19页日照金山： 第28页 途中偶遇纳帕海 途经金沙江，这段金沙江是云南与四川的界河，这边是云南德钦县，那边四川得荣县 金沙江峡谷春意盎然 白茫雪山上是另一番景象 这里就是飞来寺的街上了 飞来寺建议住觉色滇香国际青旅，在这里可以找到一起徒步雨崩的人可能会遇到很多牛人 第二天早上可以在飞来寺看日照金山，人品不好的就很难看到时了我有个哥们在飞来寺住了一星期没看到过 下面介绍我第一次从尼农进雨崩的情况当天晚上（3月28号）我在觉色滇乡国际青旅约到了7个人，听说头天晚上有人从尼农逃票成功了，我们大家一致决定逃票从尼农工进，我找前台要了包车司机的电话，司机跟我们说昨天还拉人逃票成功了，这更增加了我们的信心，司机说只要在天亮前过了查票的小房子就能成功，于是约好第二凌晨3点半从飞来寺出发。（包车好像是240元）第二天大家按约定上车出发了，当时特别冷，因为睡觉的时间短，大家一上车都睡着了，不知道翻过了几座山，大概过了1小时20分司机把我们叫醒下车，打着手机照向澜沧江边说：看到没，那里有座桥，桥对面有白塔，过了桥后往右走，一直沿路就行了，大概走1个半小时会看到一座小房子。我们仔细一看离河边还有很远呀，问司机怎么不送我们到下面去呀，司机说下面塌方了下不去，走10分钟下坡路就到了。我们打的打电，亮的亮手机照路，走了大概10多分钟到了河边，仔细一照发现有两座桥，我们选择了下游的一座，也就是尼农老吊桥过的河当时一片漆黑，这张照片是后面去的时候照的过桥后我们往右沿着澜沧江走一直走到到雨崩河与澜沧江交汇处右拐进峡谷 这个地方就是小河与澜沧江交汇处进入峡谷后就是沿着水渠走，这就是传说中的悬崖路了，其实一点都不危险，最窄处也有50－60CM宽 沿水渠走的这段峡谷很狭窄，风景不错 峡谷里看日照金山清澈的雨崩河 走到水渠尽头，遇到一座木桥 走到小木桥这里可以看到远处有一座木房子 ，沿着路一直往到房子方向走走到这里离小房子很近了，我们逃票胜利在望了 走到小房子附近时发现情况不妙，有人在，我们估计是查票的，绕也绕不过，大家只好硬着头皮过去了，走近以后果然不出所料是查票的，最后大家磨了1个多小时买了半票 这里要说一下，走到这个位置上面是有一条简易公路的，一直沿着公路走就到下雨崩了，但是走下面小路风景好很多。我们那天走的是下面的小路，结果还迷路了。 这是我认识的第一拔徒步驴友，一起走雨崩的战友（其实大部分都和我一样是第一次徒步） 我们那天运气不错，梅里雪山露出了真容，老远就印入眼帘 为了抄小路过河，第一次徒步居然掉河里。在这里晒了一个小时也没把鞋子晒干 有一段因为河边是峭壁，只能走在河床上，如果大雨天河水暴涨河床被淹，这里将很危险，我们走这里的时候还看到这里粘了一张去年的寻人启事，寻找一位老外([]
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